(1) Certificate in basic training for oil and chemical tanker cargo operations (Reg. V/1-1.1); (2) Certificate in advanced training for oil tanker cargo operations (Reg. V/1-1.3); and (3) Certificate in advanced training for chemical tanker cargo operations (Reg. V/l-1. 5).

Yes. At 2 January 2013, 15 IMO Member States (including maritime states such as Costa Rica and Philippines) were not Party to COLREG.

A contractual agreement between owners and charterers for the carriage by a named vessel of a specified quantity of a specified commodity from one named place or places to another named place or places, in return for an agreed sum of freight.

The seven parameters are set out in a table in Annex 7 of the Paris MoU document.

The person must: (1) be at least 16; 

To ensure that:

At intervals of not more than 4 months. Whenever practicable the training must include the inflation and lowering of a liferaft. The liferaft may be a special training raft that is not part of the LSA, but must be marked as such.

The IMO Guidelines advise that a minimum of three copies should be kept on board (on the bridge, in a forecastle space, and in the ship's office or cargo control room).

International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code). It applies to chemical tankers on international voyages built on or after 1 July 1986.

A coastal Vessel Traffic Information Service operated from Dover MRCC by the MCA. CNIS maintains radar surveillance of a large area of the Dover Strait Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) and makes regular VHF safety broadcasts to shipping. Identified COLREGs breaches by UK vessels are reported to the MCA Enforcement Unit and to the flag State in the case of foreign vessels. A similar service is maintained by CROSS Gris Nez from the French coast to complete coverage of the entire Dover Strait TSS.

The time charterer. He takes over (and pays for) any bunkers when the ship is delivered to him, buys all bunkers during the charter period, and sells any remaining bunkers on board back to the owner at redelivery of the ship.

The costs of acquiring the ship, e. g. purchase costs paid to a shipbuilder or previous owner, mortgage repayments, leasing charges, other loan charges, initial registration fees, taxes and any bareboat charter hire.

The Ship and Port Facility (Security) Regulations 2004 (SI 2004/1495). They give effect to EC Regulation No. 725/2004 which makes the ISPS Code mandatory in all EU States.

A direction made and published by a competent harbour authority under the Pilotage Act 1987, directing that pilotage will be compulsory for ships navigating in any area or part of an area under its jurisdiction. A Direction may apply to all ships or to all ships of a given description, subject to any specified exceptions, and specifies the area and circumstances in which it applies. It may provide for issue of a Pilotage Exemption Certificate to the bona fide master or first mate of certain ships. A master may be fined under section 15 of the Pilotage Act 1987 for non-compliance.

An individual passenger boarding card system, as described in paragraph 22, or another system as described in paragraph 24 of MSN 1794.