Peril at Sea and Salvage: A Guide for Masters, published by ICS/OCIMF.

Ships other than those issued with a Certificate of Fitness (under the BCH Code) or International Certificate of Fitness (under the IBC Code) carrying cargoes of MARPOL Annex II substances (i. e. noxious liquid substances), e. g. offshore supply vessels carrying brine, oil-based mud and other drilling-related fluids, and product tankers which are not certified in compliance with the IBC or BCH Codes. (An INLSC may be thought of as a certificate of fitness to carry noxious liquid substances for a ship which is not a purpose-built chemical tanker.)

(1) Hot lay-up (e. g. for up to 3 months) with the ship maintained and manned for 24-hour reactivation; (2) warm lay-up (e. g. for up to 12 months, with reduced manning and one-week reactivation); and (3) cold lay-up (e. g. for up to 5 years, with machinery and systems shut down and certificates withdrawn).

When cargo is intentionally and properly destroyed or damaged during the voyage in order to preserve the ship and other cargo from a danger threatening the entire "common marine adventure".

In many countries it is called a sea protest, and in a few, a maritime protest.

In an emergency event when it is impossible to obtain instructions from the cargo owners, but there is a real and definite commercial necessity to act on their behalf to preserve their goods, and the action taken is in good faith (i. e. it is honest and in their best interests). 

Type A, Type B, Type B with reduced freeboard (e. g. B-60, B-100), Type B with increased freeboard, or Type B with timber freeboard.

This is common law salvage, so unless there is an amicable settlement between the salvor and the yacht owner, the reward will be decided by a judge in a civil court having admiralty jurisdiction. In England or Wales this will usually be the Admiralty Court, part of the High Court in London. (The yacht will first have to be reported to the Receiver of Wreck at MCA Southampton. )

The Consolidated European Reporting System, an MCA information management system intended to capture all UK ship arrival and departure notifications, dangerous or polluting goods notifications, and notifications of port waste infringements and bulk carrier infringements, and forward them to the EU SafeSeaNet system in accordance with the EU Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information System Directive (2002/59/EC).

Any type of edible oil or animal fat used or intended to be used for the preparation or cooking of food, but does not include the food itself that is prepared using these oils.

(1) Mayday (distress) means that a ship or other vehicle is threatened by grave and imminent danger and requests immediate assistance. 

Ships of 100 metres or less in length. It is to be used in either of the North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zones (I or II) during the winter seasonal periods applicable in those zones.

Waters established for mid-ocean archipelagic States. 

There are 16 major clubs in the International Group of P&I clubs. Of these, 13 are British in origin, two are Norwegian, one is Swedish, one is Japanese and one is American. P&I clubs also operate in other countries.

The salvage contractor has the option of invoking the SCOPIC Clause, if attached to the LOF, at any time of his choosing by giving notice in writing to the shipowner.