A process involving:

The heading "Index of Amendments to CSR Document No... for the ship with IMO Number...." should be completed with the relevant numbers. 

A fine on summary conviction (i. e. in the lower courts) not exceeding the statutory maximum, i. e. £5, 000, or on conviction on indictment (in the higher courts) an unlimited fine. The owner, manager, demise charterer or the master may be liable. (Note: Under the 1998 Regulations the maximum fine on summary conviction was £25, 000.)

Department for Transport Maritime Security (formerly called TRANSEC). 

The Registry of Shipping and Seamen (RSS).

C1 Main engine or steering failure; C2 Collision; C3 Stranding or grounding; C4 Man overboard; C5 Fire; C6 Flooding; C7 Search and rescue; and C8 Abandoning ship.

No, as long as the duty to save lives is carried out.

The following types of UK ships, and non-UK ships in UK waters, when on international voyages and their companies: passenger ships (including high­speed craft which carry more than 12 passengers); cargo ships (including high­speed craft) of 500 GT and upwards: and mobile offshore drilling units. They also apply to Class A passenger ships (see UK passenger ship classes in Section D) operating domestic services within UK waters, and their companies.

Assuming that the shipper is a freight forwarder acting on behalf of the exporter:

Generally, the baseline is the low-water line round the coast, including the coast of all islands, but between Cape Wrath and the Mull of Kintyre it is a series of straight lines joining specified points to seaward of the islands off the coast. Where there are well-defined bays elsewhere, lines not more than 24 nautical miles in length are drawn across them.

A ship which is eligible for an expanded inspection (see Port State Control in Section I) and bound for a port or anchorage in the Paris MoU region must notify its arrival 72 hours in advance to the port State control authority (or earlier if required by national provisions). 

(1) Communicate with other persons on board on elementary safety matters and understand safety information symbols, signs and alarm signals;

Yes, if both parties to the sale of the goods agree to its use. Usually, however, letters of credit stipulate bills of lading.

A UK ship must not enter the Antarctic area unless: (a) it has sufficient capacity for the retention on board of all garbage while operating in the area; and (b) it has concluded arrangements for the discharge of retained garbage at a reception facility after it has left that area. (Reg. 30)

(1) Before the ship is put into service, an initial survey of the radio installations (including survival craft radio installations);