Every 6 months the owner must make a list showing all changes made in the last 6 months, and send it to an MCA Superintendent where the ship was at a UK port at the end of the 6 months, or to the RSS if the ship was abroad.

Some unforeseen and unpreventable natural event, e. g. lightning or earthquake.

(1) Ships belonging to general lighthouse authorities; (2) ships under 25 GT; and (3) pleasure yachts.

(1) An initial survey before the ship is put in service; 

To ensure that in any tanker of 500 GT or over, and in any other ship of 1000 GT and over, drills simulating the rescue of a crew member from a dangerous space are held at intervals not exceeding 2 months, and that a record of these drills is entered in the Official Log Book.

(1) After an initial survey of the anti-fouling system (by the flag State Administration or a Recognised Organisation) before the ship is put into service or before the certificate is issued for the first time: and (2) after survey following change or replacement of the anti-fouling system.

Inspection, by a port State control authority, at ports and anchorages within the jurisdiction of the port State, of vessels flying flags other than that of the port State for the purpose of enforcing international standards for maritime safety and security, pollution prevention and on-board living and working conditions.

Where appropriate, work equipment should be clearly marked to indicate its safe working load. It may be necessary to have more than one marking when equipment is used in differing configurations.

5 years, subject to the surveys in the last answer.

The company, as carrier, should incorporate a suitable liberty clause permitting on-deck stowage at the carrier's option. 

Yes. 

A contractual term which is not agreed to by the parties in words, but which is deemed to exist in the contract either because the courts regard it as necessary to give effect to the presumed intentions of the parties, or because of some statutory requirement. For example, there is an implied term in a contract of carriage of goods by sea that the carrier will provide a seaworthy ship.

"Laycan" is a contraction of "laydays and cancelling date". For example, a laycan or lay/can (abbreviation: L/C) of "18/22 Jan" would mean that the first layday is 18 January, and the final layday, or cancelling date, is 22 January.

The MCA.

Article 94 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (UNCLOS) requires that every State shall effectively exercise its jurisdiction and control in administrative, technical and social matters over ships flying its flag. In particular every State must maintain a register of ships (other than small ships) and assume jurisdiction under its internal law over each ship flying its flag and its master, officers and crew in respect of administrative, technical and social matters concerning the ship.