(1) Shore terminal-related situations such as overloading, discharging, ballasting, deballasting, fire and explosion; (2) vessel-related situations such as heavy weather damage, grounding and collision; and (3) personnel-related situations such as abandonment of the ship, man-overboard, serious injury, and confined space rescue.

An inflation, in port or at sea, of one of the ship's liferafts. 

MIN 290 (AIS: Accuracy of transmissions) (now cancelled); MGN 321 (AIS on double-ended passenger ferries) and MGN 324 (Operational guidance on the use of VHF radio and AIS at sea).

A visit on board the ship (normally unannounced) in order to: (1) check the certificates and documents listed in Annex 10 of the Paris MoU document;

SOLAS regulation V/34. 1 makes it illegal for a person to compromise the master's discretion in decision-making. 

A carrier who does not hold himself out as a common carrier, and thus reserves the right of accepting or rejecting offers for carriage. Almost all sea carriers today are private carriers, carrying goods or persons on their own terms and conditions.

The vessel must be fit to encounter the "ordinary perils of the sea" (e. g. bad weather) and other incidental risks to which she will be exposed on the voyage. 

By determining: 

Cargo ships of 300 GT or over on international voyages, if they do not have a Cargo Ship Safety Certificate. (Note: The tonnage contrasts with the SOLAS cargo ship lower tonnage limit of 500 GT for the SCC, SEC and CSSC.)

Certificate of British Registry; 

The test in the Eastern City judgment, which was as follows: "A port will not be safe unless, in the relevant period of time, the particular ship can reach it, use it and return from it without, in the absence of some abnormal occurrence, being exposed to danger which cannot be avoided by good navigation and seamanship".

The ship's agent (if instructed by the unpaid owners) can retain constructive possession of the coal in a storage area hired for the purpose until the freight is paid, the costs being for the consignee's account.

Yes. The Magistrates' Courts Act 1952 (which compels the attendance of witnesses and production of evidence) applies to a Formal Investigation as if it were a magistrate's court, or in Scotland, a sheriff court.

Safety of Navigation - Implementing SOLAS Chapter V, 2002, called "MCA's 2002 SOLAS V publication" in merchant shipping legislation. It is also available from the MCA on CD-ROM (free of charge), and in paper form (priced). The document has been amended since its first publication in 2002.

The agent (if he is the owners' agent), can be instructed to exercise the lien on behalf of owners.