(1) The International Labour Organization (ILO), which administers ILO conventions; (2) the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), which administers the International Radio Regulations; and (3) the World Health Organization (WHO), which administers the International Health Regulations.

The dry cargo market and the tanker market. In both markets there is a voyage charter market (or "spot market") and a time charter market.

Classification society surveyors.

The Merchant Shipping (Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Reporting Requirements) Regulations 2004 (SI 2004/2110) ("the Vessel Traffic Monitoring Regulations" or "VTM Regulations"), as amended by Sis 2005/1092, 2008/3145 and 2011/2616. The amended VTM Regulations give effect in the UK to Directive 2002/59/EC (the "Vessel Traffic Monitoring Directive" or "VTM Directive"), as amended by Directive 2011/15/EU. Their requirements are explained in MSN 1831 (which replaced MSN 1817).

Either on the tow or on the towing ship.

SOLAS regulation II-1/3-1 provides that, in addition to the requirements of the other (SOLAS) regulations, ships must be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with the structural, mechanical and electrical requirements of a classification society which is recognised by the (flag State) Administration in accordance with the provisions of regulation XI/1, or with applicable national standards of the Administration which provide an equivalent level of safety.

Regulations 3, 4, 5 and 6 of Annex V will not apply to:

Ships of war, ships solely engaged in fishing, pleasure vessels, and the following ships under 80 NT engaged solely in the coastal trade, while not carrying cargo: tugs and salvage ships; hopper barges and dredgers; lighthouse authority vessels;

"Company" means the company whose name appears on the ISM CodeDocument of Compliance and "registered owner" means the owner specified on the ship's Certificate of Registry issued by the flag State Administration.

Regulation 15 of Annex I, as revised, contains the conditions for discharges of machinery space oil from all ships. Regulation 34 contains the conditions for discharges of oil and oily mixtures from the cargo area of oil tankers.

5 years, subject to surveys as in the last answer.

The salvor is penalised: the Article 13 award or settlement will be discounted by 25% of the difference between the Article 13 award or settlement figure and the amount of special compensation that he would have received if the SCOPIC Clause had been invoked on the first day of the services.

A specific list, manifest or stowage plan setting out the details, obtained from the shipping documents submitted by the shipper, of the dangerous goods or marine pollutants carried including: 

(1) That the security system and any associated security equipment of the ship has been verified in accordance with section 19 of Part A of the ISPS Code; 

In Chapter 27, para. 27. 8 - Safe use of pesticides, of the Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen.