A carrier who restricts his strict liability by contracting out of his common law obligations.
For what reasons may a ship have an in-water survey?
(1) For initial assessment of bottom damage; (2) for a statutory survey of the ship's bottom in lieu of survey out of the water, where permitted by the flag State Administration; or (3) for a bottom survey required by class rules.
What is in Amendment 10 to the Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen?
Further guidance on existing safety points, including:
How should hazard severity be rated on a risk assessment summary sheet?
As either "slightly harmful", "harmful" or "extremely harmful". (These should form the three right-hand column headings. )
Where can official guidance on UK Report and Clearance procedures be found?
In Notice 69 (Report and Clearance by Ships' Masters) on the HM Revenue & Customs website.
What documents, similar to a SOPEP, may be required under US law for a voyage to US waters?
A federal Vessel Response Plan (VRP), as required by US federal law, and, for entering waters of certain US states (such as California), a state VRP as required by the law of each state whose waters are entered. Details of requirements can be obtained by shipowners from the P&I club in which the ship is entered.
Can copies of entries in an Oil Record Book be used in court in the UK?
Yes. Any copy of an entry will be admissible in any judicial proceedings as evidence of the facts stated in the entry.
What is the primary purpose of a Clause Paramount (or Paramount Clause) in a bill of lading?
To incorporate into the contract of carriage evidenced by the bill of lading the provisions of a specified liability convention governing bills of lading, e. g. the Hague-Visby Rules, or specified national legislation, e. g. the US Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1936. The clause is important to establish the shipper's or consignee's rights, and the carrier's defences to cargo claims and limits of liability.
What is GMDSS Sea Area A2?
An area, excluding Sea Area A1, within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may be defined by a Contracting Government.
What surveys are required for a Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate?
(1) An initial survey before the ship is put in service;
What is a time charter?
A contract for the hire of a specified vessel, and its crew, for an agreed period.
Where is consolidation carried out, and by whom?
Usually at a container freight station or inland container depot, by a freight forwarder who offers this service. Carriers also perform consolidation at ports.
How must subdivision load lines be identified in ships of Class II(A)?
If there is only one subdivision load line, with the letter C, and if there are more than one subdivision load line, with consecutive letters beginning from the deepest subdivision load line, which is to be marked CA.
What is meant by "inherent vice in the goods"?
A natural tendency of the goods to deteriorate without human negligence, e. g. deterioration of fruit and fish, fermenting of liquids, loss of weight in hides due to evaporation, severe pitting of steel plates not due to atmospheric rusting.
When, in general, should an entry be made in the Official Log Book of a UK ship?
As soon as practicable after the occurrence to which it relates.
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